The presence of bacteria that cause disease in wastewater can be a useful diagnostic tool for infectious disorders. Biosensors outperform traditional methods for frequent infection screening and surveillance testing. They are quick, sensitive, and portable, with little risk of exposure in their detection techniques. This study describes the most recently developed biosensors for detecting bacteria and viruses in wastewater in this context. The assessment also includes information on improved detection methods for SARS-CoV-2, which has already killed over 4 million people. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the possibility of on-line and real-time pathogen detection in wastewater pipes. Due to the intricacy of the matrix, the majority of the biosensors described were not intended for use with wastewater samples. This review, on the other hand, focuses on the performance parameters of recently created biosensors and analyses the role of nanotechnology in amplifying output signals, which boosts the accuracy and reliability of biosensors. Current research on the use of biosensors in wastewater offers a significant departure from the standard method in the field of medical screening.
