Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are carbon allotropes with a nanostructure with a length-to-diameter ratio greater than one million. Arc discharge, laser ablation and chemical vapour deposition are some of the techniques that have been developed to create nanotubes in large quantities. Recent advancements have demonstrated nanoparticles' revolutionary potential, particularly in biomedical imaging, drug delivery, bio sensing and the construction of functional nanocomposites. For these applications, methods to effectively interface proteins with nanomaterials are still evolving. Because of the high surface-to-volume ratio of nanoparticles, the concentration of the immobilised entity was significantly higher than that of other materials. There's also a growing interest in learning more about how nanomaterials affect the structure and function of proteins. Various techniques of immobilisation have been devised, with a specialised attachment of enzymes to carbon nanotubes receiving particular interest. With the increased focus on cascade enzymatic reactions, multienzyme immobilisation could become one of the next targets in the future. In this study, we look at new techniques for immobilising enzymes on carbon nanotubes.
